At 63 Jacob was blessed by his father Isaac[1] after which he moved to the land of his prosperous and well established uncle Laban[2] . The move was triggered to prevent retribution threatened by his twin brother Esau for the superior blessings that Jacob obtained. In the same year Esau married the daughter of Ishmael (Isaac's half brother) and Ishmael died.
Jacob asked Laban if he could marry his daughter Rachel whom he loved and felt destined to marry[3]. Laban was a well known sorcerer who operated intellectually and mystically at a very high level and as such had built a well established and devoted following. Laban demanded Jacob work 7 years before he would consent. He did not want Jacob to establish an independent nation under the progeny of Abraham and Isaac, preferring instead that his direct lineage would lead to a permanent heritage. Jacob completed the 7 years, but Laban surreptitiously desired that Leah (the elder sister) should marry first. From a young age Laban had established that Leah should marry Esau, but she is known to have wept incessantly in fear of marrying a person who was not dedicated to a life of holiness[5]. When it came to marrying Rachel, Laban conspired to have Leah marry Jacob instead. Rachel suppressed her feelings because she knew Leah would be destroyed by shame and guilt if the plot of her father was foiled[4]. In an act of abundant kindness and compassion she revealed to her sister the secret sign that Jacob and Rachel used to confirm they were meeting each other. This was necessary because woman were veiled from head to toe. On the morning after the marriage ceremony, when Jacob discovered the switch, he confronted Laban who advised Jacob he should have known that the younger daughter could not marry before the older one. Laban demanded a further 7 years of work from Jacob in order to marry Rachel. Understanding this to be the work of G-d, Jacob agreed and after 7 days of traditional wedding blessings with Leah he proceeded to marry Rachel.
Isaac’s father (Abraham) did not want him to take a wife from among the 7 pagan Canaanite nations whose lack of moral standing disqualified them from becoming part of the heightened spiritual nation of Abraham[6]. Therefore, he located Isaac's wife from among the family of his brother Nachor. Although the "other side" of Abraham's family had not made the same radical break as Abraham from the corrupt, idolatrous civilizations of the time, they did come from the line of Noah, Shem and Eiver who were guardians of the holy tradition, the Knowledge of Creation, its universal laws and its writings. Isaac and his wife Rebecca had no wish for Jacob to intermarry with the Canaanites preferring instead to send him to the "other side" of the family to find a wife.
Laban (Rebecca's brother) was from the side seen to be living in the evil realm, the Sitra Achra ('Other Side') a side disconnected from the inner aspect of G-dliness, of which Kabbalah and Chassidus speaks. Abraham saw many holy sparks, the potentially holy souls of future generations who were trapped by Laban, captured by the 'dark side'. In the higher worlds there is no distinction between 'good souls' that must first confront their inner evil and 'evil souls' that must first discover their inner good, ultimately all prevailing souls will be redeemed and returned to the higher worlds to be unified with G-d. Isaac and Jacob, considered their task, in the lower world, was to rescue these souls, prevail by overcoming their inner evil or reveal their inner good and bring them back into the light of holiness, the side of good orienting toward the attributes of the right side (Chesed -kindness). Whilst acting the kind, concerned, loving uncle, Laban did everything in his power to prevent any souls from escaping his clutches. For twenty years he mercilessly exploited Jacob to the point of destruction, together with his whole family, to prevent him from building the nation of Israel under his progeny, but Jacob continued to ask the question – What test does G-d make for me?
Jacob considered the unknown reason for his marriage to Leah and the work demands of Laban, like everything else in his life, to be an act of G-d's higher world, which he did not question. His marriage to Rachel was his own decision, a determining of the lower world, the world of the attribute of Malkhut. The result of Jacob’s marriages to Leah and Rachel together with Jacob’s children by their concubines Bilhah and Zilphah, were children born as follows (order of birth follows in parenthesis);
Reuben – Leah (1)
Simeon – Leah (2)
Levi – Leah (3)
Yehuda – Leah (4)
Zebulun – Leah (10)
Issachar – Leah (9)
Dinah (mother of Asenath) - Leah (11)
Dan – Bilhah (5)
Naphtali – Bilhah (6)
Joseph – Rachel (12)
Benjamin – Rachel (13)
Gad – Zilphah (7)
Asher – Zilphah (8)
In the closing verse of the 32nd chapter of Genesis; Jacob (then 99 yrs old) was commanded by G-d to return to the land of Israel, where he would uphold prophecy through the birth of his last son Benjamin whose birth, in Israel, would secure the land in which G-d's temple would ultimately be built. On the way he was struck by a myriad of apparent disasters. These included the death of Rachel, who he buried in Bethlehem and his mother Rebecca who he buried with her husband in the cave of the patriarchs and matriarchs. In addition he had to prepare his people for a major confrontation against the nation of Esau, the clan of his jealous brother, who wanted to kill him to reclaim the birthright blessing[7] he considered Jacob had stolen from him deceitfully. In preparation, Jacob stationed his animals, tribal members and possessions and ferried his family across a fork of the Yabok river. Then, he returned "remaining behind alone" (according to the Talmud, he returned to retrieve a sacred "small jar"of oil, destined for The Temple of the house of Jacob). There, that night, "an unknown man wrestled with him until dawn", Jacob received an injury to his hip in the struggle, but remained undefeated. At daybreak his combatant, an angel of 'darkness' that could not sustain its presence when 'the mercy of G-d' rose, pleaded with him to let him go. Jacob, who perceived this to be the angel of Esau, realized its predicament, demanding confirmation of his birthright saying: "I will not let you go until you bless me." The angel, fearing the ascending mercy of G-d, acceded and conferred upon him the name Israel, "because you have struggled with the divine and with men, and you have prevailed". Jacob had perfected the balance in each attribute of his soul - Yessod (Foundation) had risen, his soul was now dominant Tifferet (Balance)! [Zohar - Miqez 203b]
The value of Israel, ישראל = 541 consider:
· The Hebrew word 'Israel' possesses the symmetrical form of its own national emblem conforming to each of its 12 sides when they comprise 10 number points (on each side) for a total of exactly 541 individual number points, forming the Star of David, (Figure a), and;
· The outline (boundary) of the Star of David comprises 108 number points - identical with the outline of the 37th triangle representing the words from Genesis 1:1 "... and the earth." (Figure b) - 37 represents the inner aspect of Wisdom
· Each of these figures has 37 rows (top to bottom) - 37 having a particular significance in the numerical structure of Genesis1:1 and being equal to the word יחידה -Yechidah; unique-essence, known to be the highest soul state, the point of a Jewish souls connection to G-d.
· Isaac was 37 when offered as a sacrifice to G-d when, by his binding, the attribute of judgment was unified with the attribute of kindness such that it was said Isaac (dominant Gevurah - Judgment) looked exactly like Abraham (dominant Chesed - kindness).
The name “Israel” or ישראל can be rearranged to spell “YeS(h) RLA” or רלא יש which literally means 'there are 231', the total number of energy 'channel' combinations between the Sefirot (attributes / vessels) established by the complete array of the 22 Hebrew letters. (see images at http://beingholy.blogspot.com/2006/11/convergence.html).
The story takes place at the Yabok river, a tributary of the Jordan River, where mans penultimate struggle between good and evil occurs. Jacob overcomes the evil forces by making a permanent correction in his soul and in the soul of all Israelites thereafter, that the logic of life should prevail over the logic of death as the predominant soul construct for the future of Israel.
According to the cipher of swapping letters, a practice that originates when the 22 Hebrew letters are connected in the formation of the 231 Gates and more specifically with G-d's folding the heavens during creation, the letters א - ל (aleph – lamed, the first 11 letters) can be exchanged with letters , ב - ם (bet – mem, the second 11 letters). Then, the word יבק (YaBoK) makes the word שמח (300+40+8=348) - the root word 'same’ach'; happy, happiness, a term for heightened enlightenment and spirituality obtained through the study of Torah and by rearranging the order of letters, the word משח - MoShiaCh (Messiah). This can then be directly compared to its counterpart word יבק (Yabok; 10+2+100 =112). Jacob passed over the river to achieve a heightened level of holiness where the ruling logic of life prevailed over the ruling logic of death indicated by the numerical value of the letters which are equal to three names of G-d:
י'ה'ו'ה + א'ה'י'ה + א'ד'נ'י = (1+5+10+5+10+5+6+5+10+50+4+1 = 112).
These three names correspond to the high, middle and low Sefirot, Keter (Crown), Tiferet (Balance) and Malkhut (Kingdom), revealing that the Divine glory only descends toward enlightenment, joy (happiness). When G-d’s names, reflecting the higher attributes of judgment (א'ל'ק'י'ם = 86) and mercy (י'ה'ו'ה =26), are added they also = 112.
The first letter א (aleph) from two of these names is a particularly important letter reflecting convergence by; the higher world Yud (י) (10) (top right of the letter - א) and the lower world Yud (י) (10) (bottom left of the letter - א), separated by a Vav (ו) (6) (middle of the letter - א). Then, 10+10+6 = 26 the same value as (י'ה'ו'ה) Y'H’V’H. Kabbalah explains the peak of the Yud; ”י” reflects the point from which G-d’s creation and His works continuously emanate before descending into the lower worlds - the point of Yechidah - unique essence of the Jewish soul and the soul of a person who has converted to Judaism. ALePh (א) when written out in full = (אלפ) = 111, with the addition of a single unit for the letters of the full word, a common but less frequently used practice of gematria, we arrive at 112. We also see that the letters in the word ‘ALePh’ (אלפ) reverse to become the word ‘PeLeh’ (פלא) meaning 'miracle' or 'higher wonder', but when re-arranged can also become APhayL (אפל) or 'darkness' of the side of evil[8].
Who is this man with whom Jacob wrestled? According to the Sages, he is the "angel of Esau", and their struggle, which "raised dust up to the Supernal Throne", is the celestial and terrestrial struggle between two nations and two worlds represented by the spirituality of Israel and the physicality or materiality of Edom (representing Christianity in the time to come). The night through which they wrestled is long and dark, in the course, Jacob suffers bodily harm and spiritual anguish, but emerges victorious and enlightened.
Jacob, his family, their extended families and all the tribal leaders from the sides of good and evil who were well versed in the teachings of The Knowledge of Creation knew, by confirmation through their studies, when G-d changed Jacob’s name, to Israel, that his family was destined to become the future nation that would lead the world to its ultimate redemption. More than 50 years before Jacob’s death and only a few years after Joseph’s birth the future emergence of the United Kingdom of Israel had been confirmed and this became known to sorcerers and prophets by their reading and interpretation of the Sefirot and the astrological signs;
Jacob’s soul as the embodiment of the Sefirah of Yesod-Foundation, was elevated to its higher central realm the Sefirah of Tiferet-Balance/Beauty, through the even higher transcendent level represented by Da’at-Knowledge (not displayed in the diagram of the Sefirot provided in previous posts), which is the synthesis of Chokmah-Wisdom and Binah-Understanding and their associations with Keter - The Crown. In order to access Holy Wisdom - Chokmah, the attribute beyond Binah (Understanding), the highest attribute man can master (Jacob's 11th child to Leah was named Dinah, Din= judgment, the lower attribute of Binah), Jacob first had to contemplate and struggle with the unholy opposites: vision and intelligence not harnessed to serve love and creativity, but selfishness and destruction represented by Laban.
Just as there are 32 Pathways of Wisdom (32 in Hebrew = לב ('L'amed 'B'et) = Lev;Heart - see;http://beingholy.blogspot.com/2006/09/thirty-two-is-israel-special.html) so the first part of Laban's name is made up of the letters 'L'amed 'B'et (= 32). However, just as the 50th Gate of Binah-Understanding is the unattainable gate (each Sefirah has 50 gates through which energies flow), so the last letter of Laban's name is 'N'un (= 50). Therefore, the name Laban alludes to a level of divine wisdom known as the "Supreme Whiteness" (in the brain, the seat of wisdom, is considered white), this reflects on Laban’s soul and his desire to use sorcery to go beyond that which man in the lower world is capable.
After Jacob received his new name, his 3 names (found in Torah) were then; Y’israeL, YakoB, and Y’shruN (meaning My Love). Each name begins with the Yud (י), the first letter of G-d’s explicit holy name. Notice the last letter of each name spell L-B-N or LaBaN. This became clear to attentive observers that G-d had intervened and was further clarified by the events following Esau’s announced hostility toward Jacob. On the day Jacob received his new name he sent gifts of many animals forward of him then positioning himself between his camp, his family and Esau’s 400 man army who were poised to attack them he prostrated himself before Esau 7 times. Esau, upon seeing Jacob, ran up to him in the open field, embraced him, wept and immediately brought peace between there tribal nations without any fight taking place.
When considering these detailed passages, one should remember that Jacob and Esau were twins. When still in their mother’s womb G-d said to Rebecca, “Two nations are in your womb. Two governments will separate from inside of you. The upper hand will go from one government to the other, the greater one will server the younger”. At this point it is useful to recap earlier posts that Esau represents Edom (Rome - essentially Christianity) and that he married Ishmael's (essentially Islam) sister. Esau emerged first followed by Jacob whose hand clutched onto the heel of his older brother. In Hebrew the word for heel is NaBaL (NBL the B -Bet and V - Vet are the same letter, only a dot separates them). In NaBaL the Nun ('N') of the 50th gate precedes the word contrasting with LaBaN or LBN where the ('N') it follows.
Since the time that Adam was tempted by evil, through the serpent's deception, the sparks of evil were set free to co-mingle with good. It became know that the only way to access higher world Holy Wisdom is to first encounter good and evil in the "Palace of Exchanges" where everything is mixed up. Here evil masquerades as good whilst true good can appear as evil. Adam's eating of the forbidden fruit of the Tree of Knowledge caused a total mixing-up of good and evil. Therefore, the only way to separate these forces is to confront the confusion, to identify and separate the influential forces of good from the evil. This is why Jacob had to first struggle against Laban, a man of the highest spiritual order, for more than 14 years before he could resolve that which confronted and confused him in order to rise upward to the higher realm and carry his descendants with him.
The true goodness in Laban’s house was to be found in his daughters Rachel and Leah who had inherited the supreme holiness in their father’s perplexed soul. Together with their maids Bilhah and Zilpah, they were to be the mothers of Jacob's twelve sons, the fathers of the Twelve Tribes of Israel, root souls of all Jews, the souls of true good in the universe. Jacob was destined to marry these women and with them birth the future souls of Israel.
Jacob, by his complete faith in G-d, perceived Rachel as a soul of the lower world, therefore his marriage to her was to consummate through her dominant feminine Sefirah of Malkhut, which he perceived as the correct connection to his then dominant attribute of Yesod – Foundation (the point of Zer Anpin which connects it to Malkhut). On the other hand, his marriage to Leah was considered by him to be a decision of the higher world and was therefore a reflection through her dominant feminine Sefirah of Binah (the left side). This explains why Jacob, who had no expectations of Leah in fact, had no desire to be married to her, ended up having 6 sons by her, including Yehudah (Judas) whose lineage of Kingship built The Temple in Jerusalem (through King David and King Solomon) and Levi whose tribe became the High Priests of Israel. Leah had correctly perceived that her soul was not to be united with Esau because, although concealed to the lower worlds, through her was to come the universal vindication for the exchange of Esau’s birthright in favor of Jacob. Laban understood this, albeit from the perspective that caused him to believe and cleave to the desire that Leah’s marriage would be to the direct benefit of his lineage.
Esau taunted Jacob by showing his desire for Rachel, but she was terrified, submitting herself entirely to the mercy of G-d. After Jacob married Rachel she was unable to give birth, finally she conceived at the same time as Leah’s 7th child. At first Rachel fell into pregnancy with a girl and Leah a boy, but G-d switched their embryos because He heard the united higher world and lower world prayers of Leah and Rachel, that Rachel should become worthy of her sisters equal [9]. So, He altered nature to grant Rachel a boy and at that moment (on the same day as the birth of Adam, the death of Sarah and Rosh Hashanah - Jewish New Year, the day Torah was granted to Israel) He declared the conditions that would give rise to the birth of the nation of Israel. It was therefore necessary that the only girl in the family, Dinah (Din = Judgment), be born to Leah in order that her 6 boys correctly reflect the higher world masculine attributes of Zer Anpin and the 7th child of Leah be a girl reflecting the Feminine Sefirah Malkhut. To recap; Leah representing Binah connected the higher worlds to her 6 boys (Zer Anpin) and through Dinah representing Malkhut to the lower world. Separately Jacob – dominant Yesod (later Tifferet) and Rachel – Malkhut would give birth to Joseph and Benjamin.
Toward the end of Jacob’s life, his firstborn Reuben[10] (son of Leah) was slated to lead the tribes, but his higher world soul had been exposed, when he lay in the room of his concubine stepmother Bilah to prevent a further conception through Jacob. This meant he and the house of Leah would lose its traditional birthright. Rachel’s (Jacob's wife by choice) firstborn son Joseph would later become the beneficiary of these rights, but not in the manner expected. Since his marriage to Rachel had been undermined, Jacob saw[11] Joseph’s sons Menasseh and Ephraim as he did Leah’s first two sons Reuben and Simeon. Leah's (higher world) third son in line, Levi was granted The Priesthood and The Kingship went to Leah's fourth son Yehudah (Judas). Joseph's descendents thus comprised two tribes, Menasseh and Ephraim who through him received Jacob’s double portion and ultimately two territories in the Holy Land. It is these territories that eventually divide Israel into the north and the south, which were finally united at the time of the First Temple.
The origin of this unification is a hidden miracle, in the story of Israel, sourced from the time that Dinah was seduced and raped by Shechem (son of Chamor) when she was 8 years old. Asenath, her daughter from the rape, was therefore born out of wedlock. Levi and Simeon demanded the Idol worshipping tribe of Chamor be circumcised as part of the compensation for their dastardly act, they agreed. However, whilst healing from their circumcisions, the brothers led by Reuven and Shimeon killed Shechem, his father Chamor and their entire tribe to vindicate and rescue Dinah and Asenath. They wanted to murder Asenath to purge the sparks of un-holiness from their midst, but Jacob would not allow it, instead the brothers sent Asenath to Egypt where, by arrangement, she was adopted into the house of Poti-phera Priest of On. This highlights one of many early and prominent intra-religious connections between the priestly leadership of Israel and that of Egypt, which had been progressively established from the time of Abraham. Many years later Yehudah (Judas) influenced all the brothers, who were intent on killing Joseph, to trade him through the Ishmaelites and Midianites into Egypt. This act certainly avoided the almost certain demise of the future Jewish nation (the common term 'Jew' comes from Yehudah - Judas) and Joseph later became Viceroy of Egypt with all of the purity and holy integrity of his father and mother in tact. Then, after a serious attempt to seduce Joseph, by Aesnath's adopted Egyptian mother, Potiphars wife, she finally allowed Joseph to marry Aesnath and when he discovered her Israelite origin, established by the ancient Hebrew writing on her amulet, he agreed to immediately marry her. It was this miraculous event, 22 years after the rape of Dinah that resulted in the birth of Joseph’s sons Manaseh and Ephraim. This was the single event that finally united the higher world house of Leah and the lower world house of Rachel by forging the link and establishing the basis on which the Nation of Israel was built.
Jacob considered Joseph his first born by his choice. It was for this reason that Joseph's decendency received a double heritage. 290 years later the tribe of Manaseh and Ephraim became the only indirect descendants of Jacob to transcend their status being recognized as direct members of the 12 tribes of Israel when it came to the division of the holy land. They took the place of Levi (who was assigned the priesthood) and Joseph who, in the “end of days”, would be the first Messiah to prepare the world before being resurrected as the the final Messiah, King David (the tribe of Yehudah) the point of man’s ultimate redemption before the resurrection of the dead.
Logic would dictate Manaseh, the older brother, would retain the birthright over Israel’s future, but Jacob, on his death bed (like his father Isaac before him), switched his blessing, because he deduced the name MaNaSeh and NeShaMa (meaning: soul, spelled here using English equivalents to demonstrate the same letter usage) have the same Hebrew letters and therefore, by the rules of letter substitution and gematria, possessed the same Divine qualities. In Jacob’s eyes, Manaseh (like Leah) was a soul of the higher world, a child who possessed the the soul of Leah, through Dinah and Asenath. Whereas, Rachel was a soul of the lower world through her dominant Sefirah of Malkhut, resulting in Ephraim being blessed by Jacob to become the greater leader of Israel after the death of Joseph. It was the lower world with which Jacob was most concerned, it needed the full commitment of his descendents to make the necessary corrections and elevations in order to bring redemption by re-uniting lower with higher in the same way they were once united at the time of Adam. Jacob’s powers of perception were remarkable he could foresee the role of his future heritage. He was always consciously aware of the responsibility that he had to his own soul and to those of the future generations who would ultimately bring forth and be witness to this unification.
These soul level activities are complex, but they fundamentally align with the signs devised from knowledge of the Sefirot, handed down form Abraham, Isaac and Moses and by Jacob’s innate perception of his own soul. Had G-d not intervened or Jacob’s free will been incorrectly applied, the two second generation tribes of Israel would not have become the instrumental link to merge Israel into one united nation. As we now know Jacob’s decisions, through his deep faith, determined that his descendants would ultimately be the people G-d would designate His Chosen People.
The day that the name Israel was bestowed on Jacob was the 15th of Nissan 2206. It is the same day that;
-G-d made a covenant with Abraham to give him and his descendants the holy land
-Abraham was advised he was to have a son - Isaac, at the age of 99
-Isaac was born
-Moses appeared before G-d at the burning bush
-The exodus from Egypt occurred (Passover)
-Daniel, in the Lions Den after the destruction of the First Temple, received the prophecy that the Second Temple would be built after 70 years
By analogy to Yehudah who foresaw the survival of prophecy through the Jewish Nation by the sale of Joseph, it is now clear from the recently discovered Gospels of Judas (Yehudah at the time of Jesus) – translated in 2006 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Judas (dated to 288CE) that Judas was not the deceitful character portrayed by common interpretations of the New Testament (which mirror some mainstream commentators on the Old Testament). Rather Judas was the person who foresaw the continuity of the Jewish Nation and its messianic prophecy through the death of Jesus (Yeshua) - a Jew, who concurred with the planned betrayal because he intuitively shared knowledge of G-d’s ultimate plan for the redemption of man.
With the imminent destruction of the Temple, originally built by Yehudah's (Judah's) King Solomon and the annihilation of more than 1 million Jews in Jerusalem by the Romans, the background story of Jesus and Judas, that took place almost 30 years earlier, became elevated to penetrate the conscience of the nations of the world, but why this particular story? The evolving Gospels of Christianity were adopted by Emperor Constantine for mainstream Romans in a similar period to the dating of the Judas Gospels, some 250-300 years after the death of Jesus.
It is the continuous misrepresentation of Judas's (Yehudah's) soul character that has led anti-Semitic retribution against the Jews. No more so than, in modern times, through the German people whose single minded adaptation of the New Testament enabled Hitler and his representative forces of evil to prey heavily on their restricted sense of lower and higher world reality.
And on April 13, 2006 (15 Nissan 5766) 3560 years later this is what the Pope had to say:
The Vatican, by word of Pope Benedict XVI, grants the recently surfaced Judas' Gospel no credit with regards to its apocryphal claims that Judas betrayed Jesus in compliance with the latter's own requests. According to the Pope, Judas freely chose to betray Jesus: "an open rejection of God's love". Judas, according to Pope Benedict XVI "viewed Jesus in terms of power and success: his only real interests lied with his power and success, there was no love involved. He was a greedy man: money was more important than communing with Jesus; money came before God and his love". According to the Pope it was due to these traits that led Judas to "turn liar, two-faced, indifferent to the truth", "losing any sense of God", "turning hard, incapable of converting, of being the prodigal son, hence throwing away a spent existence".
Perhaps the Judas scapegoat has been a necessary tool for the advancement and spread of Christianity, but to the Jews it has come at a serious and significant price. In essence, Judaism seeks and has always sought a world in which G-d's uninhibited blessings flow abundantly to every soul, regardless of the race, creed, color or religion of the body it occupies.
The Zohar states that the site of the Holy Temple, the centerpiece of Jewish life for more than 3500 years, stands vacant. Perhaps Christianity, Islam and Judaism's ultimate reconciliation with the actions of Yehudah will enable its reconstruction to commence, in haste, so that the world may benefit by the spiritual dedication of Jewish Priests who, once again, may be afforded the opportunity to perform their duties for the benefit of all.
[1] Genesis Ch27:28-29
[2] Ibid 29:14
[3] Ibid 29:18
[4] Gemara Bava Basra 123a
[5] Rashi 17 – Genesis 29:17
[6] Genesis 28:1
[7] http://www.truekabbalah.com/deh.php?p=TheKnowledge007 -
[8] The Gate of Return Chapter 5 Rabbi Dov Ber of Lubavitch
[9] Artscroll Machsor Rosh Hashanah Pg 313 - אבן
[10] http://www.aish.com/torahportion/moray/Reuben.asp
http://www.targum.com/excerpts/shvatim.html
[11] Genesis 48:3-5 : Zohar Vayehi - 222b
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